Historical Timeline 2065-374-65, 2065-702-65 19982 Palyka

2065 374 65 Seminar Int'l Film History: Computer Animation
2065 702 65 Film History: Computer Animation

4 credits Monday 6:00pm- 9:50pm Room 4202 Duane Palyka
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1450 - Gutenburg press
1804 - Jacquard loom
1826 - Photography (Niepce)
1842 - FAX (Alexander Bain)
1843 - Morse's telegraph installed between Philadelphia and Washington
1864 - Maxwell electromagnetic wave theory becomes basis for radio wave propogation
1884 - Nipkow (Germany) devises scanner for scanning and transmitting images
1885 - CRT (Cathode Ray Tube)
1887 - Edison patents motion picture camera
1888 - Edison and Dickson record motion picture photos on a wax cylinder
1888 - Berliner invents phonograph
1888 - Oberlin Smith introduces basics of magnetic recording
1891 - Dickson uses Edison's kinetograph to record motion pictures
1905 - Fleming electron tube
1912 - de Forest develops Audion vacuum tube amplifier
1923 - Zworykin develops Iconoscope at Westinghouse
1926 - First television (J.L. Baird)
1926 - 1st teleconference - between Washington and New York
1927 - Philo Farnsworth invents fully electronic TV (First all electronic TV is made by RCA in 1932)
1927 - Motion picture film standardized at 24 fps
1929 - BBC begins broadcasting
1931 - 1st stereo recordings
1936 - the Magnetophone is 1st true magnetic tape recorder
1938 - Valensi proposes color TV
1941 - First U.S. regular TV broadcast
1941 - 1st TV commercial (for Bulova watches)
1948 - cable TV is installed
1948 - transistors
1949 - Williams tube (CRT storage tube)
1950 - Cybernetics and Society - Norbert Weiner (MIT)
1950 - Ben Laposky uses oscilloscope to display waveforms which were photographed as artwork
1951 - Graphics display on vectorscope on Whirlwind computer
1953 - NTSC broadcast code
1954 - FCC authorizes color TV broadcast
1955 - SAGE system at Lincoln Lab uses first light pen (Bert Sutherland)
1956 - Lawrence Livermore National Labs connects graphics display to IBM 704; use film recorder for color images
1956 - Ampex demonstrates the Ampex VR2000 videotape recorder (2" tape)
1957 - 1st image-processed photo at National Bureau of Standards
1957 - Digital Equipment Corporation founded
1958 - Numerical controlled digital drafting machines - MIT
1958 - TX-1 computer at MIT uses graphics console
1958 - CalComp 565 drum plotter
1958 - John Whitney Sr. uses analog computer to make art
1959 - First film recorder - General Dynamics Stromberg Carlson 4020
1960 - William Fetter of Boeing coins the term "computer graphics" for his human factors cockpit drawings
1960 - John Whitney Sr. founds Motion Graphics, Inc.
1960 - DEC PDP-1 introduced
1961 - John Whitney Sr., creates the intro to Alfred Hitchock's Vertigo using analog computer graphics devices
1961 - Spacewars, 1st video game, developed by Steve Russell at MIT for the PDP-1
1962 - Information International Inc (Triple I) founded
1963 - 1st computer art competition, sponsored by Computers and Automation
1963 - Sketchpad developed beginning in 1961 by Ivan Sutherland at MIT is unveiled
1963 - Mouse invented by Doug Englebart of SRI
1963 - Coons' patches
1963 - 1st (?) computer generated film by Edward Zajac (Bell Labs)
1963 - BEFLIX developed at Bell Labs by Ken Knowlton
1963 - Charles Csuri makes his first computer generated artwork
1963 - DAC-1, first commercial CAD system, developed in 1959 by IBM for General Motors is shown at JCC
1963 - Lockheed Georgia starts graphics activity
1963 - Michael Noll (Bell Labs) starts his Gaussian Quadratic series of artwork
1963 - Roberts hidden line algorithm (MIT)
1964 - Project MAC (MIT)
1964 - IBM 2250 console introduced with IBM 360 computer
1964 - Poem Field by Stan Vanderbeek and Ken Knowlton
1964 - Itek Digigraphic Program (later Control Data graphics system)
1964 - RAND tablet input device (also called Grafacon)
1964 - compact cassette tape (Phillips)
1964 - Electronic character generator
1965 - 1st computer art exhibition, at Technische Hochschule in Stuttgart
1965 - 1st U.S. computer art exhibition, at Howard Wise Gallery in New York
1965 - Adage founded
1965 - Bresenham Algorithm for plotting lines
1965 - BBN Teleputer uses Tektronix CRT
1966 - Odyssey, home video game developed by Ralph Baer of Sanders Assoc, is 1st consumer CG product
1966 - Group 1 FAX machines (using CCITT compression)
1966 - Lincoln Wand developed
1966 - Plasma Panel introduced
1966 - Studies in Perception I by Ken Knowlton and Leon Harmon (Bell Labs)
1966 - MAGI founded by Phil Mittleman
1966 - Loutrel hidden line algorithm
1967 - Appel hidden line algorithm
1967 - Sine Curve Man and Hummingbird created by Chuck Csuri
1967 - Adage real time 3D line drawing system
1967 - GE introduces first full color real time interactive flight simulator for NASA - Rod Rougelet
1967 - Experiments in Art and Technology (E.A.T.) started in New York by artists Rauschenberg and Kluver
1967 - MIT's Center for Advanced Visual Studies founded by Gyorgy Kepes
1967 1/2 inch open reel video tape recorder
1968 - DEC 338 intelligent graphics terminal
1968 - Tektronix 4010
1968 - University of Utah recruits Dave Evans to form a CG department in computer science
1968 - Warnock algorithm
1968 - Watkins algorithm
1968 - Cybernetic Serendipity: The Computer and the Arts exhibition at London Institute of Contemporary Arts
1968 - Csuri's Hummingbird purchased by Museum of Modern Art for permanent collection
1968 - Permutations - John Whitney, Sr.
1968 - Sutherland Head Mounted Display (Sword of Damocles), developed in 1966, shown (AFIPS Conference)
1968 - Evans & Sutherland, Calma, Houston Instrument, Imlac founded
1968 - LDS-1 from E&S introduces line clipping
1969 - SCANIMATE commercialized - Lee Harrison
1969 - Genesys anaimation system - Ron Baecker
1969 - Computer Image Corporation founded
1969 - Bell Labs builds first framebuffer (3 bits)
1969 - 1st use of CGI for commercials - MAGI for IBM
1969 - Graphical User Interface (GUI) developed by Xerox (Alan Kay)
1969 - SIGGRAPH formed (began as special interest committee in 1967 by Sam Matsa and Andy vanDam)
1969 - ComputerVision, Applicon, Vector General founded
1969 - ARPANET is born
1970 - Sonic Pen 3-D input device
1971 - Gouraud shading
1971 - Ramtek founded
1971 - MCS (Manufacturing and Consulting Services) founded by Patrick Hanratty, consedered the "father" of mechanical CAD/CAM
1971 - Altair 8800 computer
1971 - Robert Abel and Associates founded
1972 - MAGI Synthevision started (Bo Gehring)
1972 - CGRG founded at Ohio State
1972 - Emmy awarded to Lee Harrison for SCANIMATE
1972 - Alto computer introduced by Xerox PARC (Alan Kay)
1972 - Megatek founded
1972 - Utah hand (Catmull) and face (Parke) animations produced
1972 - Computer Graphics and Image Processing journal begins publication
1972 - 8-bit frame buffer developed by Dick Shoup at Xerox PARC
1972 - Sandin Image Processor - Dan Sandin, Univ. Illinois-Chicago Circle
1972 - Atari formed (Nolan Bushnell)
1972 - Newell, Newell and Sancha visible surface algorithm
1972 - video game Pong developed for Atari
1972 - Graphics Symbiosis System (GRASS) developed at Ohio State by Tom DeFanti
1973 - E&S begins marketing first commercial frame buffer
1973 - Ethernet - Bob Metcalf (Harvard)
1973 - Westworld - 1st film to use CGI - graphics produced at III
1973 - Circle Graphics Habitat founded at Univ. Illinois Chicago (Tom DeFanti & Dan Sandin)
1973 - first SIGGRAPH conference (Boulder
1973 - 3/4 inch portapack replaces 16mm film for news gathering
1973 - Richard Shoup develops PARC raster display
1973 - Rich Riesenfeld (Syracuse) introduces b-splines
1973 - Principles of Interactive Computer Graphics (Newman and Sproull) first comprehensive graphics textbook is published
1974 - Motion Pictures Product Group formed at III by John Whitney, Jr. and Gary Demos
1974 - Alex Schure opens CGL at NYIT, with Ed Catmull as Director
1974 - SuperPaint developed by Dick Shoup and Alvy Ray Smith
1974 - TCP protocol (Vint Cerf, Bob Kahn)
1974 - z-buffer developed by Ed Catmull (Univ of Utah)
1974 - Hunger produced by Peter Foldes at National Research Council of Canada; wins Cannes Film Festival Prix de Jury award for animation
1975 - Phong shading - Bui-Toung Phong (Univ of Utah)
1975 - Sony Betamax recorder
1975 - fractals - Benoit Mandelbrot (IBM)
1975 - Catmull curved surface rendering algorithm
1975 - Steve Jobs and Steve Wozniak start Apple computer.
1975 - Bill Gates starts Microsoft
1975 - Martin Newell (Utah) develops CGI teapot (physical teapot now in the Computer Museum in Boston)
1975 - JPL Graphics Lab developed (Bob Holzman)
1975 - Anima animation system developed at CGRG at Ohio State (Csuri)
1976 - MITs Visible Language Workshop founded by Muriel Cooper
1976 - Alvy Ray Smith develops "tweening" software (NYIT)
1976 - Dolby sound
1976 - Jim Blinn develops reflectance and environment mapping (Univ of Utah)
1976 - Nelson Max's sphere inversion film
1976 - Ukrainian Pysanka Egg erected in Vegraville, Canada by Ron Resch (University of Utah) to commemorate the RCMP
1976 - Sony Beta home video
1977 - JVC VHS home video
1977 - Academy of Motion Pictures Arts and Sciences introduces Visual Effects category for Oscars
1977 - Nelson Max joins LLL; Jim Blinn joins JPL
1977 - GKS (Graphical Kernal System) graphics standard introduced
1977 - Fuchs multiprocessor visible surface algorithm
1977 - Larry Cuba produces Death Star simulation for Star Wars using Grass at UICC developed by Tom DeFanti at Ohio State
1978 - Tom DeFanti's GRASS system rewritten for Bally home computer (Zgrass)
1978 - AT&T and Canadian Telidon introduce videotex graphics standard (NAPLPS)
1978 - Digital Effects founded (Judson Rosebush, Jeff Kleiser, et al)
1978 - Ikonas frame buffer - England/Whitton
1978 - Leroy Nieman uses Ampex paint system to draw football players in Super Bowl
1978 - R/Greenberg founded (Richard and Robert Greenberg)
1978 - James Blinn produces the first of a series of animations titled The Mechanical Universe
1978 - DEC VAX 11/780 introduced
1978 - video laser disc
1978 - Bump mapping introduced (Blinn)
1979 - National Computer Graphics Association (NCGA) organized
1979 - IBM 3279 color terminal
1979 - SIGGRAPH CORE Graphics standard
1979 - Sunstone - Ed Emshwiller (NYIT)
1979 - George Lucas hires Ed Catmull, Ralph Guggenheim and Alvy Ray Smith to form Lucasfilm
1980 - Vol Libre - Loren Carpenter of Boeing
1980 - Apollo Computer founded
1980 - Turner Whitted of Bell Labs publishes ray tracing paper
1980 - First NCGA conference - Arlington, Virginia - Steven Levine, President
1980 - IBM licenses DOS from Microsoft
1980 - Aurora Systems founded by Richard Shoup
1980 - Disney uses computer graphics for the movie Tron
1980 - MIT Media Lab founded by Nicholas Negroponte
1980 - Pacific Data Images founded by Carl Rosendahl
1980 - Hanna-Barbera, largest producer of animation in the U.S.,begins implementation of computer automation of animation process
1980 - Sony Walkman
1981 - Sony Betacam
1981 - Tom DeFanti expands GRASS to Bally Z-50 machine (ZGRASS) - Univ Illinois - Chicago Circle
1981 - IBM introduces the first IBM PC (16 bit 8088 chip)
1981 - IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications published by IEEE Computer Society and NCGA
1981 - Digital Productions formed by Whitney and Demos
1981 - Cranston/Csuri Productions founded by Chuck Csuri and Robert Kanuth
1981 - R/Greenberg opens CGI division (Chris Woods)
1981 - MITI Fifth Generation Computer Project announced by Japanese Ministry of International Trade and Industry
1981 - REYES renderer written at LucasFilm
1981 - Carla's Island - Nelson Max
1982 - The Last Starfighter (Digital Productions)
1982 - The Geometry Engine (Clark)
1982 - Jim Clark founds Silicon Graphics Inc.
1982 - fractal rendering (Fournier, Fussell and Carpenter)
1982 - Skeleton Animation System (SAS) developed at CGRG at Ohio State (Dave Zeltzer)
1982 - Sony still frame video camera (Mavica)
1982 - ACM begins publication of TOG (Transactions on Graphics)
1982 - Tom Brighham develops morphing (NYIT)
1982 - Adobe founded by John Warnock
1982 - Atari develops the data glove.
1982 - AutoDesk founded; AutoCAD released
1983 - Particle systems (Reeves - Lucasfilm)
1983 - ILM computer graphics division develops "Genesis effect" for Star Trek II - The Wrath of Khan
1983 - SGI IRIS 1000 graphics workstation
1983 - Road to Point Reyes - Lucasfilm
1983 - Jim Blinn receives the first (1983) ACM SIGGRAPH CG Achievement Award
1983 - Ivan Sutherland receives the first (1983) ACM SIGGRAPH Steven A. Coons Award
1983 - Steve Dompier's "Micro Illustrator" is first PC paint program (for Apple II)
1983 - mip-mapping introduced for efficient texture mapping (Williams - NYIT)
1983 - Sony and Philips introduce 1st CD player
1984 - Robert Able & Associates produces the 1st computer generated 30 second commercial used for Super Bowl (Brilliance)
1984 - Wavefront Technologies is the first commercially available 3D software package.
1984 - Thomson Digital Image (TDI) founded
1984 - Jim Clark receives the 1984 ACM SIGGRAPH CG Achievement Award
1984 - International Resource Development report predicts the extinction of the keyboard in the next decade
1984 - A-buffer (or alpha-buffer) introduced by Carpenter of Lucasfilm
1984 - Distributed ray tracing introduced by Lucasfilm
1984 - Cook shading model (Lucasfilm)
1984 - 14.5 minute computer generated IMAX film shown at SIGGRAPH 84 - 18 teams; 20 segments
1984 - Universal Studios opens CG department
1984 - First Macintosh computer is sold; introduced with Clio award winning commercial during Super Bowl
1984 - McDonnel Douglas introduces the Polhemus 3Space digitizer and body Tracker
1984 - Radiosity born - Cornell University
1984 - John Lasseter joins Lucasfilm
1984 - Digital Productions (Whitney and Demos) get Academy Technical Achievement Award for CGI simulation of motion picture photography
1984 - Lucasfilms introduces motion blur effects
1984 - Porter and Duff compositing algorithm (Lucasfilm)
1984 The Adventures of Andre and Wally B. (Lucasfilm)
1985 - Commodore launches the new Amiga
1985 - Loren Carpenter receives the 1985 ACM SIGGRAPH CG Achievement Award
1985 - Pierre Bezier receives the 1985 ACM SIGGRAPH Steven A. Coons Award
1985 - Sogitec founded (Xavier Nicolas)
1985 - Abel Image Research takes Robert Abel & Associates to shaded graphics business
1985 - Tony de Peltrie airs
1985 - stereo TV
1985 - CGW predicts 90s graphics workstation
1985 - Targa 16 board (AT&T) goes to market
1985 - Pixar Image Computer goes to market
1985 - Perlin's noise functions introduced
1985 - CD-ROMs High Sierra (ISO9660) standard introduced
1985 - PostScript (Adobe - John Warnock)
1985 - PODA creature animation system developed by Girard and Maciejewski at Ohio State
1985 - Boss Films founded by Richard Edlund
1985 - MIT Media Lab moves to new home
1986 - The Great Mouse Detective was the first animated film to be aided by CG.
1986 - Pixar purchased from Lucasfilm by Steve Jobs
1986 - Trancept Systemes founded by Nick England and Mary Whitton - graphics board for Sun
1986 - CGI group starts at Industrial Light and Magic (Doug Kay and George Joblove)
1986 - Softimage founded by Daniel Langlois in Montreal
1986 - Apple IIgs introduced
1986 - Turner Whitted receives the 1986 ACM SIGGRAPH CG Achievement Award
1986 - Waldo project introduces motion capture (Digital Productions)
1986 - Kajiya's Rendering Equation
1986 - Omnibus assumes Robert Able & Associates and Digital Productions in hostile takeovers by John Pennie and investors
1986 - Whitney/Demos Productions founded
1986 - Intel introduces 82786 graphics coprocessor chip ; Texas Instruments introduces TMS34010 Graphics System Processor
1986 - NSFNet
1986 - Luxo Jr. nominated for Oscar (first CGI film to be nominated - Pixar)
1986 - TIFF (Aldus)
1986 - Scitex founded for prepress
1987 - GIF format (CompuServe)
1987 - Willow (Lucasfilm) popularizes morphing
1987 - Max Headroom debuts
1987 - LucasArts formed
1987 - Reynolds' flocking behavior algorithm (Symbolics)
1987 - Rob Cook receives the 1987 ACM SIGGRAPH CG Achievement Award
1987 - Don Greenberg receives the 1987 ACM SIGGRAPH Steven A. Coons Award
1987 - Advanced Computing Center for the Arts and Design (ACCAD) founded at Ohio State
1987 - Omnibus closes, eliminating DP and Abel
1987 - Cranston/Csuri Productions closes
1987 - Marching Cubes algorithm (Lorensen and Cline - GE)
1987 - Metrolight Productions, RezN8 Productions, Kleiser/Walczak, DeGraf/Wahrman founded
1988 - PICT format (Apple)
1988 - Al Barr receives the 1988 ACM SIGGRAPH CG Achievement Award
1988 - Internet Worm infects servers all over the world
1988 - U.S. Patent awarded to Pixar for RenderMan
1988 - Disney and Pixar develop CAPS (Computer Animation Paint System) (academy technical award in 1992)
1988 - PIXAR wins Academy award for Tin Toy
1989 - John Warnock receives the 1989 ACM SIGGRAPH CG Achievement Award
1989 - David Evans receives the 1989 ACM SIGGRAPH Steven A. Coons Award
1989 - 8MM videotape introduced by Sony
1989 - ILM creates the Abyss
1989 - PIXAR starts marketing RenderMan
1990 - Microsoft ships Windows 3.0
1990 - NewTek Video Toaster
1990 - First edition of Graphics Gems published by Academic Press (Andrew Glassner, editor)
1990 - U.S. Patent awarded to Pixar for point sampling
1990 - Richard Shoup and Alvy Ray Smith receive the 1990 ACM SIGGRAPH CG Achievement Award
1990 - 3D Studio (AutoDesk)
1990 - John Wiley & Sons begins publishing The Journal of Visualization and Computer Animation
1991 - World Wide Web (CERN)
1991 - Jim Kajiya receives the 1991 ACM SIGGRAPH CG Achievement Award
1991 - Andy van Dam receives the 1991 ACM SIGGRAPH Steven A. Coons Award
1991 - Disney and PIXAR agree to create 3 films, including the first computer animated full-length film Toy Story
1991 - ILM produces Terminator 2
1991 - Beauty and the Beast (Disney)
1991 - Kodak PhotoCD
1991 - JPEG/MPEG
1992 - Disney and Pixar get Academy Technical Achievement Award for CAPS production system
1992 - QuickTime introduced (Apple)
1992 - Henry Fuchs receives the 1992 ACM SIGGRAPH CG Achievement Award
1992 - Softimage goes public
1992 - Lawnmower Man (Angel Studios)
1992 - U.S. Patent awarded to Pixar for Non-Affine Image Warping
1992 - VIFX uses flock animation with Prism software to create large groups of animals
1992 - Tom Brigham and ILM get Academy Technical Achievement Award for morphing technique
1993 - disk array and compression codecs allow for nonlinear editing and full motion video
1993 - Pixar gets Academy Technical Achievement Award for development of Renderman
1993 - Pat Hanrahan receives the 1993 ACM SIGGRAPH CG Achievement Award
1993 - Ed Catmull receives the 1993 ACM SIGGRAPH Steven A. Coons Award
1993 - Jurassic Park - ILM and Steven Spielberg
1993 - Wavefront buys TDI
1993 - Mosaic browser (NCSA)
1993 - Myst released (Cyan) - in 1998, it became the top selling game of all time
1993 - Digital Domain founded by James Cameron, Stan Winston, and Scott Ross
1994 - SGI and Nintendo team up for Nintendo 64 product
1994 - ILM earns Oscar for special effects for Jurassic Park
1994 - Microsoft acquires Softimage
1994 - Doom hits game market
1994 - Direct Broadcast Satellite service
1994 - HDTV standard for transmission adopted in US
1994 - U.S. Patent awarded to Pixar for creating, manipulating and displaying images
1994 - Ken Torrance receives the 1994 ACM SIGGRAPH CG Achievement Award
1995 - Toy Story (Pixar)
1995 - DreamWorks founded (Steven Spielberg, Jeffrey Katzenberg and David Geffen)
1995 - Pixar gets Academy Award for digital scanning technology
1995 - U.S. Patent awarded to Pixar for image volume data
1995 - John Lasseter of Pixar gets Academy Award for development and application of techniques used in Toy Story
1995 - Kurt Akeley (SGI) receives the 1995 ACM SIGGRAPH CG Achievement Award
1995 - Jose Encarnacao receives the 1995 ACM SIGGRAPH Steven A. Coons Award
1995 - Wavefront and Alias merge
1995 - Pixar goes public with 6.9M share offering
1995 - Sony Playstation introduced
1996 - Internet 2 unveiled
1996 - Quake hits game market
1996 - Marc Levoy receives the 1996 ACM SIGGRAPH CG Achievement Award
1996 - Colossal Pictures files Chapter 11 bankruptcy
1996 - Windows 95 ships
1997 - VIFX joins with Blue Sky
1997 - DVD technology unveiled
1997 - Przemyslaw Prusinkiewicz receives the 1997 ACM SIGGRAPH CG Achievement Award
1997 -Jim Kajiya of Cal Tech gets Academy Award for development and application of CGI hair and fur
1997 - Pixar interactive division dissolved
1998 - Titanic becomes the largest grossing motion picture in U.S history
1998 - Alias Maya released
1998 - Quicktime 3.0 released
1998 - Boss Films closes
1998 - Riven released
1998 - Sun gets back into graphics with the Darwin Ultra series of workstations
1998 - MPEG-4 standard announced
1998 - SGI and Microsoft form partnership to develop APIs; SGI will develop NT-based PCs
1998 - Geri's Game (Pixar) - awarded the Academy Award for Animated Short
1998 - Colossal Pictures emerges from Chapter 11 bankruptcy
1998 - The SIGGRAPH Conference celebrates its 25th Anniversary in Orlando
1998 - Michael Cohen (Microsoft) receives the 1998 ACM SIGGRAPH CG Achievement Award
1998 - Pixar awarded a Scientific and Technical Academy Award for the development of software that produces images used in motion pictures from 3D computer descriptions of shape and appearance



Also look at the following related Web pages:

Other industry related historical links
http://www.softimage.com/Timeline
Visual Effects Society
http://www.visualfx.com/history.htm (Milestones in Computer Graphics)
http://www.visualfx.com/vfxoscars.htm (History of Special Effects [at the Oscars])
Video Games
http://www.digiserve.com/eescape/atari/Atari-Timeline.html (History of Atari)
http://www.ammi.org/exhibitions/cs98/ (American Museum of the Moving Image Computer Space 98 video game exhibition)

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